English literature is open described as beginning with Chaucer . But even before Chaucer their was a real literature and that was the Anglo Saxon literature .The language of this literature is very different from that of today . The old English alphabets have their speculier and are very clearly preonounced .Thei were four main dialects -Northumbrian , Mercial ,Kentish and West Saxon , the language of Alfred which become a 'Standard ' and in which almost all the texts are preserved .
Many of the poem of the period appear to have associated with the pagan past .The most important work and the oldest poem in the English language is Beowulf ,written around the year 750 AD . Nothing it's know it's authorship .Their is no mention of England , and Beowulf himself is king of Geatas . Probably it was brought from their homeland in Denmark and Sweadan in the form of Ballad .They manifestly heathen in origin ,it is the work of a Christian writer .The dialect of the text is West Saxon . Their is so many episodes and diagratins in the story .IT tells about the mighty feats of the hero Beowulf how he fought and he killed the monster Grentel who for twelve yearshad devasted the lands of King Hrothgar of Denmark .Beowulf also slew the mother of grendel .Then he return his native land .He become king of geatas ad after a prosperous rign of forty years slaves a draggon which had ravaged his land , but in the fight he himself recieves a mortal wound .The poem concludes with the funeral cermonies in honour of the customs are vividly pictures .It represents the English ideal of courage and nobility .
After the conversion of Anglo Saxon;s to the Christianity .Their were two notable poets , Caedmon , and Cynewulf Venerable Bede gives an account of Caedmon , who by divine inspiration transformed from a state of tang-tied in effectiveness into that of poetical ecstasy . he was an unschooled man who turned the old English testament narrative into song .Most of his poems are lost .The Genisis , Exodis , Daniel ,and christ and satan are other poems which were mostly biblically in theme .
Caedmon religions poems influenced Cynewulf in the 8th century .Juliana , Elene , Christ and the fate of the 'Apostles ' some of the poem attributed him .Another poem attributed him 'The Dream of the Rood ' undoubtedly the finest of all English poems. It's a real work of artist and poet . In Anglo Saxon poetry ther are no stanzas and their is no ryhm .their is a geat power of expression surer technical and real descriptive powers . Metapharical phrases and compound words are other speciality of old English poem , eg ; - 'Ring Giver' ( king ) , 'BAttle flash ' ( sword) ,'Whale Rode ' ( sea ) .
OLD ENGLISH PROSE
Though ther was some prose writings before the time of Alfred . He is considered as the father of English prose. He translated some Latin books into English. The five important translations are 'The Pastoral Care ' of Pope Gregory, 'The History of the world ' of Orosius , Bede's 'Ecelesiastical History ' , Beothius of 'Consolation of Philosophy ' and the Soleloquies of St. Augustine .He was the guiding spirit behind the compilation of Anglo- Saxon chronicle which was transformed into a national history . It deals with the history of English up to the 9th century .
Aelfric and wulfsten and Wulfsten were two other writers .Aelfric wrote ' Cathelic Homilies ' for the instructions of ordinary peasents . Wulfstan wrote 'Sermo Lupi ad Anglos' which is typical for it's sheer force and vigour
Soon the Norman Conquest took place in 1066 . The normans brought with them a new language and new customs .AS a result Anglo Saxon poetry almost disappeared
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